A graphical description of optical parametric generation of squeezed states of light

The standard process for the production of strongly squeezed states of light is optical parametric amplification (OPA) below threshold in dielectric media such as LiNbO3 or periodically poled KTP. Here, we present a graphical description of squeezed light generation via OPA. It visualizes the interaction between the nonlinear dielectric polarization of the medium and the electromagnetic quantum field. We explicitly focus on the transfer from the field's ground state to a squeezed vacuum state and from a coherent state to a bright squeezed state by the medium's secondorder nonlinearity, respectively. Our pictures visualize the phase dependent amplification and deamplification of quantum uncertainties and give the phase relations between all propagating electro-magnetic fields as well as the internally induced dielectric polarizations. The graphical description can also be used to describe the generation of nonclassical states of light via higherorder effects of the non-linear dielectric polarization such as four-wave mixing and the optical Kerr effect

A coating thermal noise interferometer for the AEI 10 m prototype facility

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Documentation of the Kaisha-Database - The annual accounts database of Japanese stock companies 1970-1999. With a detailed glossary of Japanese accounting terminology

This documentation provides an overview of the Kaisha Database, a database consisting of annual accounts data of Japanese manufacturing firms. The documentation is aimed at enabling the researcher interested in the database to work independently. The structure as well as the procedures used to create time series and to take account of the reforms in the accounting system are described. The excursuses give information on the Japanese accounting system and several data sources. In the appendix all firms are listed according to their security as well as industry code. Furthermore, all primary variables are presented in three languages (German, English, Japanese), and the calculation formulae of the workfiles are given. -- Die Dokumentation liefert einen Überblick über die .Kaisha-Datenbank., eine aus Jahresabschlüssen japanischer Industrieaktiengesellschaften erstellte Datenbank. Diese Dokumentation soll dazu dienen, Forschern das selbständige Arbeiten mit der Datenbank zu ermöglichen. Es werden die Struktur der Datenbank und auch das Vorgehen zur Erstellung von Zeitreihen und zur Einbeziehung der Reformen des Rechnungswesens beschrieben. Exkurse geben weitere detaillierte Informationen über das japanische Rechnungswesen und verschiedene Datenquellen. Im Anhang finden sich alle erfaßten Unternehmen mit ihrem Wertpapiercode und ihrer Industriezugehörigkeit. Desweiteren sind alle erfaßten Variablen in den Sprachen Deutsch, Englisch und Japanisch sowie die Berechnungsformeln der Workfiles angegeben.

Tomographic readout of an opto-mechanical interferometer

The quantum state of light changes its nature when being reflected off a mechanical oscillator due to the latter's susceptibility to radiation pressure. As a result, a coherent state can transform into a squeezed state and can get entangled with the motion of the oscillator. The complete tomographic reconstruction of the state of light requires the ability to readout arbitrary quadratures. Here we demonstrate such a readout by applying a balanced homodyne detector to an interferometric position measurement of a thermally excited high-Q silicon nitride membrane in a Michelson-Sagnac interferometer. A readout noise of \unit{1.9 \cdot 10^{-16}}{\metre/\sqrt{\hertz}} around the membrane's fundamental oscillation mode at \unit{133}{\kilo\hertz} has been achieved, going below the peak value of the standard quantum limit by a factor of 8.2 (9 dB). The readout noise was entirely dominated by shot noise in a rather broad frequency range around the mechanical resonance.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Documentation of the Kaisha-Database: the annual accounts database of Japanese stock companies 1970-1999 ; with a detailed glossary of Japanese accounting terminology

"This documentation provides an overview of the Kaisha Database, a database consisting of annual accounts data of Japanese manufacturing firms. The documentation is aimed at enabling the researcher interested in the database to work independently. The structure as well as the procedures used to create time series and to take account of the reforms in the accounting system are described. The excursuses give information on the Japanese accounting system and several data sources. In the appendix all firms are listed according to their security as well as industry code. Furthermore, all primary variables are presented in three languages (German, English, Japanese), and the calculation formulae of the workfiles are given." (author's abstract)"Die Dokumentation liefert einen Überblick über die 'Kaisha-Datenbank', eine aus Jahresabschlüssen japanischer Industrieaktiengesellschaften erstellte Datenbank. Diese Dokumentation soll dazu dienen, Forschern das selbständige Arbeiten mit der Datenbank zu ermöglichen. Es werden die Struktur der Datenbank und auch das Vorgehen zur Erstellung von Zeitreihen und zur Einbeziehung der Reformen des Rechnungswesens beschrieben. Exkurse geben weitere detaillierte Informationen über das japanische Rechnungswesen und verschiedene Datenquellen. Im Anhang finden sich alle erfassten Unternehmen mit ihrem Wertpapiercode und ihrer Industriezugehörigkeit. Desweiteren sind alle erfassten Variablen in den Sprachen Deutsch, Englisch und Japanisch sowie die Berechnungsformeln der Workfiles angegeben." (Autorenreferat

Compositional mapping of surfaces in atomic force microscopy

We propose a method for mapping the composition of a surface by using an amplitude modulation atomic force microscope operated without tip-surface mechanical contact. The method consists in exciting the first two modes of the microcantilever. The nonlinear dynamics of the tip motion, the coupling of its first two modes, and the sensitivity of the second mode to long-range attractive forces allows us to use this mode to probe compositional changes while the signal from the first mode is used to image the sample surface. We demonstrate that the second mode has a sensitivity to surface force variations below 10−11 N.The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with A. San Paulo. This work was financially supported by then Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica of Spain (PB98-0471) and the European Commission (MONA-LISA, G5RD-CT-2000-00349).Peer reviewe

Dokumentation der Kaisha-Datenbank - Zur Datenbank der Jahresabschlüsse japanischer Industrieaktiengesellschaften 1970-1997

Die vorliegende Dokumentation vermittelt einen umfassenden Einblick in die Systematik der Kaisha-Datenbank. Sie soll interessierten Lesern einen Überblick über die Grundstruktur der Datenbank geben. Neben einer Darstellung des Aufbaus erfolgt die Beschreibung der Vorgehensweise bei Reformen der Rechnungslegung und der Schaffung einheitlicher Zeitreihen. Exkurse geben Auskunft über Besonderheiten der japanischen Rechnungslegung und Datenquellen. Im Anhang werden alle in der Datenbank enthaltenen Unternehmen mit Wertpapiercode aufgeführt und nach Branchen klassifiziert. -- This documentation provides an overview on the system of the Kaisha Database, a large database of Japanese manufacturing firms. It provides researchers interested in the database a closer look at the basic structure, which is described as well as the procedures used to create time series and to deal with reforms of the accounting system. The excursuses give information on the Japanese accounting system and several data sources. In the appendix all firms are listed according to their security code and the industry they belong to.